Electromagnetic imaging of damaged uniaxially anisotropic composite materials certainly remains a challenging task yet it is in need for whatever concerns quality, viability, safety and availability of systems involving manufactured composite parts, e.g., in aeronautics and in automotive industry. The contribution first surveys in some depth the investigation topic with examples being drawn from the most recent literature by the authors and others. Then, upon introduction of a rigorous full-wave 3-D electromagnetic modeling and asymptotic first-order counterpart, retrieval of volumetric defects hidden in such materials via MUSIC approaches (under various guises), in the case of defects small enough, and Subspace Optimization Methods, for larger ones, will be exhibited from single-frequency multi-static data acquired in the reflection mode.