Logical Views of Bell Inequalities - CentraleSupélec Accéder directement au contenu
Communication Dans Un Congrès Année : 2023

Logical Views of Bell Inequalities

Résumé

Bell's Inequalites structure can be considered in a logical-probabilistic framework, as outlined by Pitowsky [1], where the origin of the inequality was attributed to George Boole’s “conditions of possible experience”. The inequality has then been often renamed the Bell-Boole inequality. An interesting fact is that G. Boole’s method used to establish his probability inequalities stems directly from his mathematical treatment of logic using idempotent symbols (which he called “elective symbols”). The “Boolean Algebra” we consider today bears some major differences with Boole’s original method as thoroughly discussed by Hailperin [2]. We proposed recently the “Eigenlogic” approach [3] where we translate Boole’s original logical method to linear algebra using idempotent and also unitary operators and outline the bridges to quantum theories in particular to quantum information [4]. Eigenlogic can thus be a framework for transposing logic in a quantum context, the probabilistic aspects are then simply derived by measurements on logical operators using the Born rule. Bell Inequalities (BI) can be expressed in an operator form where the measurement observables of an experiment are combined to form Bell operators, the outcomes are then derived by using the quantum mechanical mean value (again the Born rule). The popular form adapted for this method is the CHSH form of the BI for spin 1/2 particles or polarized photons with outcomes ±1. Using the isomorphism between idempotent and self-inverse unitary operators (Householder transform) the CHSH Bell operator transforms in Eigenlogic in a combination of idempotent operators from which by using the Born rule one gets the Fine inequality on probabilities. As stated by Khrennikov [5] the BI violation occurs only when incompatible (non-commuting) observables are used in the BI associated experiments. Particularly in the CHSH-BI experiments on an entangled state, mutually unbiased bases (MUB), representing maximally dissimilar contexts, lead to the maximum quantum violation represented by the number 2√2>2. This is the case for the couple of MUB (z,x) associated to Pauli spin operators σ_x and σ_z. In Eigenlogic these (z,x) contexts represent dual logical systems which are at interplay and have an original syntax-semantic interpretation [4]. It has to be outlined that in many quantum algorithms the MUB (z,x), linked by the Hadamard gate which represents the Fourier Transformation between the two bases, provides a quantum algorithmic advantage. The situations of the BI in the so called post-quantum regime are also analyzed by generalizing the concept of PR-Box which relates outputs (a,b) to inputs (x,y) in a two-party correlation by means of the logical equation: a⊕b=x∧y. Using Eigenlogic, families of boxes with all possible combinations of logical functions are analyzed through the equations: f(a,b)=g(x,y), where f and g correspond to the 16 different Boolean functions, giving 256 possible logical equations. The logical equations are transformed in logical operators and used to define the associated Bell operator. 16 cases of the PR-Box type (considering all the possible complementations of the variables a,b,x,y) violate the CHSH-BI maximally with the number 4>2√2 (Tsirelson’s bound). Another family of 32 logical cases gives a CHSH-BI violation of 3.33 also beyond the quantum limit; this is the case for the logical equation: a∨b=x∧y. [1] Pitowsky, I., George Boole’s ‘conditions of possible experience’ and the quantum puzzle. Brit. J. Phil. Sci., 45:95–125 (1994). [2] Hailperin, T. Boole’s Algebra isn’t Boolean algebra. A description using modern algebra, of what Boole really did create. Math. Mag. 54(4): 172–184 (1981). [3] Toffano, Z. Eigenlogic in the Spirit of George Boole. Log. Univers. 14, 175–207 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11787-020-00252-3 [4] Toffano, Z.; Dubois, F. Adapting Logic to Physics: The Quantum-Like Eigenlogic Program. Entropy 2020, 22, 139. https://doi.org/10.3390/e22020139 [5] Khrennikov, A. Contextuality, Complementarity, Signaling, and Bell Tests. Entropy 2022, 24, 1380. https://doi.org/10.3390/e24101380
Pres_Toffano-QIP23-Växjö-2023.pdf (2.85 Mo) Télécharger le fichier
Origine : Fichiers produits par l'(les) auteur(s)

Dates et versions

hal-04188679 , version 1 (26-08-2023)

Identifiants

  • HAL Id : hal-04188679 , version 1

Citer

Zeno Toffano. Logical Views of Bell Inequalities. The 23rd Växjö conference on Quantum Foundations - Quantum Information and Probability: from Foundations to Engineering (QIP23), Andrei Khrennikov, Linnaeus University, Jun 2023, Växjö / Sweden, Sweden. ⟨hal-04188679⟩
21 Consultations
12 Téléchargements

Partager

Gmail Facebook X LinkedIn More