Fast Charging Station with Battery Storage System for EV: Optimal Integration into the Grid
Résumé
Electric Vehicles (EVs) will be in a near future a non-negligible part of the world's car fleet. Nevertheless, a dense network of Fast Charging Stations (FCS) on highways is needed to enable EVs to be competitive with Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles for long distances. FCS require high power from the grid which could generate stress on the power grid and necessitate expensive investments for grid connection. An Electric Storage System (ESS) inside the FCS could mitigate those impacts, and a Battery ESS (BESS) also allows to offer grid services and to maximise the profits of the FCS operator. In this paper, we propose a FCS model including grid services and battery degradation. A trade-off between BESS size and contracted power value is assessed to satisfy the EV needs and to respect the battery state-of-charge limits. Finally, an economic survey is done with the net present value to compare a FCS with BESS (with or without delivery of grid services) and without BESS.
Mots clés
Electric Vehicles
Fast Charging Stations
power grid
battery electric storage system
FCS model
internal combustion engine vehicles
expensive investments
grid services
ICE vehicles
profit maximization
contracted power value
net present value
battery degradation
economic survey
optimal integration
power value
battery state-of-charge limits
Fast charging station
battery storage system
FCS operator
BESS
grid connection